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	<title>Rauna Kuokkanen</title>
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		<title>Eamiálbmogiid diehtu, filosofiijat ja dutkan Sápmái!</title>
		<link>http://rauna.wordpress.com/2010/05/06/eamialbmogiid-diehtu-filosofiijat-ja-dutkan-sapmai/</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 06 May 2010 17:34:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>rauna</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Sámegillii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sámedutkan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sámeservodat]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Seammaláhkai go eará eamiálbmotservodagain, mis sámiin lea stuorra dárbu ealáskahttit iežamet árbevirolaš diehtovugiid ja -ortnegiid ja nannet oktavuođaid daidda. Mis lea maiddái stuorra dárbu oahpasmuvvagoahtit čiekŋaleabbot álbmogiidgaskasaš eamiálbmotdutkamussii ja ságastallamii mii leamaš viidánan sakka 1990-logu rájes. Mu girji Boaris dego eana: eamiálbmogiid diehtu, filosofiijat ja dutkan leage šaddan dárbbus sámegielat girjái eamiálbmogiid diehtoortnegiid, eamiálbmogiid dieđu [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=rauna.wordpress.com&amp;blog=1107890&amp;post=609&amp;subd=rauna&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Seammaláhkai go eará eamiálbmotservodagain, mis sámiin lea stuorra dárbu ealáskahttit iežamet árbevirolaš diehtovugiid ja -ortnegiid ja nannet oktavuođaid daidda. Mis lea maiddái stuorra dárbu oahpasmuvvagoahtit čiekŋaleabbot álbmogiidgaskasaš eamiálbmotdutkamussii ja ságastallamii mii leamaš viidánan sakka 1990-logu rájes. Mu girji <em>Boaris dego eana: eamiálbmogiid diehtu, filosofiijat ja dutkan</em> leage šaddan dárbbus sámegielat girjái eamiálbmogiid diehtoortnegiid, eamiálbmogiid dieđu gáhttema, eamiálbmogiid filosofiija ja dutkama birra. Girji buktá ovdan makkár áššit leat guovddážis go lea sáhka eamiálbmogiid dieđus, diehtoortnegiin, filosofiijas ja eamiálbmogiid dutkanvugiin (metodologiijain) ja sávvamis bokte stuorat beroštumi eamiálbmogiid dutkamii Sámis iešguđet dieđa- ja oahpahansurggiin. Ovdamearkkaid bokte girji guorahallá mo eamiálbmotdutkama ja -oahpahusa guovddáš fáttat gusket sámi diliide. Dasa lassin girji lea láidehus dekoloniseremii sihke dutkamušas ja oahpahusas, muhto maiddái oppalaččat eamiálbmotservodagain. Dán oanehis čállosis guorahalan guokte girjji fáttá maid anán áigeguovdilin sámedutkamis ja akademalaš ságastallamis Sámis justa dál.</p>
<p><span id="more-609"></span></p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;"> </span></p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Eamiálbmotdutkan ja sámedutkan</span></p>
<p>Eamiálbmotdutkamuš lea suorgi mii leat maŋimuš moaddelogi jagi áigge sturron mearihis láhkai. Eamiálbmotdutkamis leamaš máŋggadásat strategiijat: eamiálbmogat, sin diehtoortnegat ja dutkanvuogit galget leat oassin “váldorávnnji” akademalaš máilmmis, muhto dain galgá leat maiddái autonomalaš sajádat gos eamiálbmogat sáhttet gaskaneaset ovddidit sin dutkamuša iežaset dárbbuid mielde. Guovddáš oassin eamiálbmotdutkamis lea maiddái kolonialismma ja iešguđet assimilerenpolitihkaid kritihkalaš guorahallan ii dušše historjjálaččat muhto maiddái daid váikkuhusaid čielggadeapmi otná servodagas. Eamiálbmotdutkamuša okta ulbmil lea maiddái dekoloniseret dieđu ja dutkama: ealáskahttit ja nannet eamiálbmogiid dieđu, árbevieruid, gielaid, ekosystemaid ja kritihkalaš jurddašeami. Dán oktavuođas leamaš ollu sáhka maiddái eamiálbmotperspektiivvaid buktimis dutkamii ja oahpahussii. Lea goit dehálaš fuomašit ahte eamiálbmotperspektiivvat eai leat dušše beare lasahusat maid sáhttá beare váldit ja coggat váldoservodaga oahppoplánaide dahje dutkanprošeavttaide.</p>
<p>Seammaláhkai go váldoservodagaid dutkan- ja oahpahanárbevierut leat álo vuođđuduvvan sin iežaset árvvuide, oainnuide, máilmmegovaide ja vuolggasajiide, eamiálbmotoahpahusa ja -dutkama ulbmilin lea bidjat guovddážii min iežamet árvvuid, prioritehtaid, dárbbuid, oainnuid, gázaldagaid, dutkanprotokollaid ja -vugiid ja guorahallat, dulkot ja geahččalit áddet áššiid, gažaldagaid ja albmanemiid eamiálbmogiid oaidninčiegas. Vuolggasadjin lea nappo dat, geat mii leat ja mii lea min kultuvrralaš duogaš dan sadjái go geahččat máilmmi eará olbmuid čalmmiiguin. Eamiálbmotperspektiivvain lea nappo sáhka min iežamet áddejumiid ja dulkonmálliid “normaliseremis” – mii eat leat spiehkastagat, eaige min diehtoortnegat, -hámit ja -vuogit leat dušše spiehkastagat norpmas man earát leat ásahan ja meroštallan.</p>
<p>Dán radjái sámedutkan lea oalle unnán čiekŋudan eamiálbmotdutkamuššii ja akademalaš ságastallamiidda. Árbevirolaččat eanaš sámedutkama vuolggasadji leamaš oarjemáilmmi dahje váldoservodagaid hábmen dutkanvuogádagat, lahkonanvuogit ja metodologiijat. Mii eat leat olus smiehttan daid heivvolašvuođa – dahje oahppan guorahallat daid kritihkalaččat sámeoahpuid prográmmain universitehtain. Mii leat baicce váldán daid njuolgga ja jorgalan dušše sámegillii smiehttakeahttá man bures dat govvidit sámi duohtavuođaid dahje diehtoortnegiid dahje heivejit daid dutkamii.</p>
<p>Sámit leat goit eanet aht´eanet máilmmi eamiálbmogiid searvvis iešguđet arenain (ee. politihkas ja akademalaš oktavuođain). Dát gáibida ahte sámedutkit maiddái dovdet eamiálbmotdutkamuša ja dan ságastallamiid buorebut eandalitge iežas suorggis. Sámedutkama okta nannoseamos (ja veardidettiin eará eamiálbmogiidda, erenoamáš) beliin lea dat ahte sámegiella lea ealli ja nana dutkangiella. Giella ii goit sáhte leat sivvan dasa ahte eat beroš čuovvut maid eamiálbmotdutkit eará sajiin máilmmis oaivvildit, čielggadit ja buktet ovdan. Okta buorre ovdamearka dás lea moderna/árbevirolaš dualismma kritihkalaš guorahallan.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;"> </span></p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Moderna/árbevirolaš dualisma</span></p>
<p>Sámi dutkamušas árbevierru/modernitehta-paradigma dahje guovttijuohku ii leat guorahallon kritihkalaččat. Máŋggat sámedutkit leat váldán dan atnui ja analyhtalaš vuolggasadjin guorahalakeahttá dan doallevašvuođa dahje dan, maid dat iešalddes mearkkaša iešguđet konteavsttas. Sámi dutkamis ja almmolaš ságastallamis muđuige lea vejolaš vuohttit ahte go eará eamiálbmogiid gaskkas dutkit leat geahččalan nannet oktavuođaid árbevieruide dahje suokkardan modernismma kritihkalaččat kolonialismma kritihka oktavuođas, sámedutkiin leamaš dávjá vuolggasadjin ahte sámit leat moderna eamiálbmot geat leat guođđán árbevieruid historjái, guorahalakeahttá doahpaga čuolbmáivuođa ja čanastagaid kolonialismii. Okta ovdamearka lea Norgga dutkanráđi dálá sámedutkanprográmma II (2007-2017). Dan okta vuoruhansuorgi ja fáddá lea kultuvrralaš ovdanbuktinhámiid dutkan ja erenoamážit konflivttat “árbevirolaš” ja “moderna”, dološ ja dálá gaskkas.</p>
<p>Moderna/árbevirolaš-guovttijuohku ii leat liikká láhkage nu čielggas, čavga dahje oktageardán go dávjá jurddašuvvo. Dutkit ja eamiálbmogat ieža leat eanet aht’ eanet buktán ovdan, ahte duohtavuođas ja duohta eallimis dát guokte albmaneami gávdnojit oktanaga ja mannet badjálaga. Kánske vel dehálut fuomášupmi leamaš dat, ahte ii leat álo oppa vejolašge dahkat erohusa dáid guovtti áigodaga dahje muttu gaskkas – ahte dat leat leamaš hutkosat mainna vehkiin leamaš vejolaš olgguštit ja vuoluštit eamiálbmogiid; guođđit sin “moderna” servodaga olggobeallái. Dán dihtii muhtimin maiddái eamiálbmogiin leamaš dárbu duođaštit ahte sii leat maiddái “moderna.”</p>
<p>Muhtimin sáhttá leat nu ahte modernitehta-doaba geavahuvvo dálá áiggi  synonyman ja dalle dat ii čujut modernismii filosofiijan dahje ideologiijan, masa lea mihtilmas rationála ja dieđalaš jurddašeapmi, sekulariseren, materialisma, individualisma ja olbmo stivren luonddu badjel, muhto baicce servodatlaš rievdadusaide nuppi máilmmesoađi ja erenoamážit 1960-logu rájes. Sáhttá dadjat ahte sámeservodaga moderniserema klassihkalaš symbola lea mohtorgielkkaid atnuiváldin boazodoalus 1960-logus. Lea čielggas ahte sámeservodat, ealáhusvuođđu ja kultuvra leat rievdan ollu maŋimuš njealljelogi jagis. Nuppi dáfus muhtin dutkit leat lohkan ahte sámi árbevirolaš diehtu lea olu riggásut ja máŋggabealát go dávjá jurddašuvvo, mii divoda dábálaš boasttoipmárdusa ahte sámit leat massan eanaš sin árbevieruin modernitehttii vuogáiduvadettiin.</p>
<p>Ovdamearkka dihtii Jorunn Eikjok (2007) lea lohkan ahte ođđa jahkeduhátmolsumis sámit leat navdán iežaset “moderna eamiálbmogin” ja ahte sámi kultuvra ii šat adnojuvvo árbevirolažžan. Sámi árbevierut leat šaddan oassin máilmmeviidosaš váikkuhusaid ja trendaid, mas boađusin leat ođđa sámi kultuvrralaš ovdanbuktinhámiid. Eikjok addá ovdamearkan luođi ja borramušárbevieru: dál sámit málestit bohccobierggu ovttas Intiás boahtán linssaiguin ja Thaimaas boahtán kokosmielkkiin. Sáhttá liikká jearrat leago dáin ja eará ovdamearkkain sáhka “kultuvrralaš revolušuvnnas” dahje nu stuorra doajáhagas dahje lávkkis árbevirolaš eallimis modernitehtii vai oalle dábálaš váikkuhusaid oažžumis eará kultuvrrain árgabeaivve eallimis, mii lea dáhpáhuvvan ágibeaivve historjjá čađa? Nappo leago sáhka “revolušuvnnas” vai leatgo modernismma guovttijuogut báidnán min jurddašeami ja dulkomiid nu ahte mii oaidnit guovttijuoguid dahje vuostálaš- dahje ruossalašvuođaid maiddái doppe gos dat eai vealtakeahttá leat?</p>
<p>Sámi servodat ii leat áidna servodat mii lea rievdan. Mii lea liikká erenoamáš lea vuohki mainna sámedutkit leat dávjá ieža deattuhan ja muhtimin maiddái nanosmahttán árbevirolaš ja moderna eallima erohusaid ja ráhkadan daid gaskii stuorat dikotomiijaid go lea dárbu. Gažaldat lea: leago sámi “kultuvrralaš revolušuvdna” duođaid nu mearkkašahtti go muhtimin čuoččuhuvvo dahje navdojuvvo? Dahje dego Inger Persson (2006) jearrá, leago dat duođaid nu váttis ja áŧestuhtti leat sápmelaš go máŋggat dutkamušat čuoččuhit? Son oaivvilda erenoamážit dutkamušaid sámiid assimilerema ja stigmatiserema birra ja jearrá sáhttágo čuolbma leat das ahte dutkojuvvon sámit eai leat čahkan dutki analyhtalaš vuogádagaide? Stuorát váttisvuohta leage dat ahte dutki lea eahpelihkostuvvan iežas dutkanmateriála gieđahallamis.</p>
<p>Árbevirolaš/moderna-guovttijuogu kritihkka ii mearkkaš goit dan ahte galgat heaitit hállamis árbevieruin ja kultuvrrain dahje geavaheamis daid ákkastallat rivttiid mat eamiálbmogat leat historjjá áigge massan. Dát baicce mearkkaša dan ahte galgat kritihkalaččat guorahallat moderna/árbevierru-dikotomiijaid: leago álo duođaid sáhka nu čavga guovttijuogus? Mii galgat gažadit ja guorahallat dárkileappot ja ođđasit málliid mat leat dahkan eamiálbmogiid oaidnemeahttumin ja suokkardit dan vejolašvuođa, ahte eamiálbmogat (dego earáge álbmogat) leat sáhttán hábmet vieruid ja vugiid mat eai leat heiveheamis lineára ja ráddjejuvvon árbevirolaš/moderna juoguide.</p>
<p>Almmustuvvan <em>Sámis, Sámi čálakultuvrralaš áigečála</em>, Nr. 6-7, cuoŋománnu 2010, s. 46-49.</p>
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		<title>in memory of my father</title>
		<link>http://rauna.wordpress.com/2009/12/31/in-memory-of-my-father/</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 31 Dec 2009 22:05:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>rauna</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[rauna's posts in english]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[My father, Eino Matias Kuokkanen passed away unexpectedly and untimely late July. He was born during the evacuation on August 6, 1945 &#8211; on the same day the atomic bomb was dropped in Hiroshima &#8211; in Kalajoki, central Finland. When the war was over, he and his family returned to their home in Viitaranta, Savukoski [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=rauna.wordpress.com&amp;blog=1107890&amp;post=575&amp;subd=rauna&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="attachment_576" class="wp-caption alignleft" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://rauna.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/img028-copy.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-576 " title="img028 copy" src="http://rauna.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/img028-copy.jpg?w=300&#038;h=223" alt="" width="300" height="223" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">My dad, second from the left, between his older brother and younger sister. </p></div>
<p>My father, Eino Matias Kuokkanen passed away unexpectedly and untimely late July. He was born during the evacuation on August 6, 1945 &#8211; on the same day the atomic bomb was dropped in Hiroshima &#8211; in Kalajoki, central Finland. When the war was over, he and his family returned to their home in Viitaranta, Savukoski in northeastern Finland. When he was a child, he was afraid of war and planes. He was a quiet and withdrawn man and I sometimes wonder if his ominous date of birth had something to do with it.</p>
<p><span id="more-575"></span>His own father died of a heart attack when Dad was only 15. Soon after that, their house was seized by the state. His mother remarried and the family moved to nearby Lunkkaus. While Viitaranta was by the beautiful Kemijoki River, Lunkkaus was beside a main road, halfway between Savukoski and Pelkosenniemi, a desolate nondescript scattering of a few houses, a post office and a school. As a child, I spent quite a few weekends in the Lunkkaus house, especially in the fall, picking mushrooms and berries: blueberries, cloudberries and cranberries. The cloudberry picking trips were particularly special because the cloudberry marshes were always quite a walk away. Sometimes my younger brother and I grumbled and whined (there were always millions of mosquitoes), sometimes we napped on the path while the adults were picking berries. The best part of the trip was always making coffee and frying sausages in the bonfire. Dad also taught me to swim in the Kemijoki River, not far from his old home place. He also taught me to ride a bike &#8211; I never had training wheels!</p>
<p>When I was young, Dad was into revolution and politics. He drove a Moskvitch and was away a lot, travelling around Northern Finland to various meetings. We joined him for May Day Parades in small towns around Lapland where he gave speeches in chilly community halls. At the end of October for several years there was a Peace Rally in the name of the nuclear-free Nordic countries. In the early 1980s, he was one of the main organizers of the Vapaa Ounasjoki (Free Ounasjoki) movement that sought to keep the Ounasjoki River free of hydroelectric dams. His family had seen the salmon disappear in the other major Lapland river, Kemijoki, due to several dams built in it after the war. In one midsummer, there was a massive row-in along Ounasjoki and we all went along with him; mom, my brother, myself and even my cat which came with me wherever we went. I was too young to pick up the details of the politics but what this period instilled in me was a deep and lifelong sense of social justice and world peace.</p>
<div id="attachment_584" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://rauna.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/dscf0548-copy.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-584" title="DSCF0548 copy" src="http://rauna.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/dscf0548-copy.jpg?w=300&#038;h=199" alt="" width="300" height="199" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Shed built by Dad, including the doors</p></div>
<p>In the 1980s, Dad also taught me to build. We built a summer cottage near my mother&#8217;s home place and as we couldn&#8217;t afford builders, we were all engaged in the project. After the cottage, we built a sauna by which stage I considered myself an expert in building houses. The last thing Dad built (on his own) was a wood shed and an extension to the back of it to store the snow mobile and other sundry items. It is built entirely of young, thin pine trees, including the doors. (I never made doors but I know that they are the trickiest things to make.)</p>
<p>For over two decades and during his involvement in politics, he worked as a journalist in a leftie newspaper. For years, he wrote a column under a pen name Pohjanpoika. He sure had a way with words on paper &#8211; he also wrote occasional poems and later, over a six-hundred page novel about his troubled time in the military service (which he did not finish and for what he got into a trouble). The publishers were interested in it but wanted it shortened. I&#8217;m not sure if he didn&#8217;t want to do it or he got busy with other things.</p>
<p>In the 80s, Dad had also taken up studying the Sami language, first on his own, then taking occasional courses at the university. After years of studying, he became fluent in it and eventually he and mom switched from speaking Finnish to Sami. He translated my mother&#8217;s three novels into Finnish, taught Sami in school for several years and finally started working at the Sami Radio, first as the online news editor and later, as the news producer and reader. His single-mindedness and meticulous attention to detail showed in many ways, not least in his buildings and his aptitude for the complex Sami grammar and orthography. He liked things to be in order and his thriftiness sometimes went to extremes. I also picked much of that &#8211; though in more moderation.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">
<div id="attachment_586" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://rauna.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/odaseikka-copy.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-586 " title="odasEikka copy" src="http://rauna.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/odaseikka-copy.jpg?w=300&#038;h=225" alt="" width="300" height="225" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Dad reading the news at the Sami Radio</p></div>
<p>After Dad had left the politics, he became passionate about salmon fishing in the Deatnu River by our summer place. When he was not building, he spent his time in his boat on the river. Some summers were very good and he caught tens and tens of salmon, big and small.</p>
<div id="attachment_588" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://rauna.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/img_1461-copy.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-588" title="IMG_1461 copy" src="http://rauna.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/img_1461-copy.jpg?w=300&#038;h=225" alt="" width="300" height="225" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Heading for fishing</p></div>
<div id="attachment_589" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 210px"><a href="http://rauna.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/dscf0815-copy.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-589" title="DSCF0815 copy" src="http://rauna.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/dscf0815-copy.jpg?w=200&#038;h=300" alt="" width="200" height="300" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Here is a big one</p></div>
<div id="attachment_590" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://rauna.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/img_2366-copy.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-590" title="IMG_2366 copy" src="http://rauna.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/img_2366-copy.jpg?w=300&#038;h=225" alt="" width="300" height="225" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Dad making his own flies</p></div>
<div id="attachment_591" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://rauna.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/eikka-metsalla-copy.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-591" title="Eikka metsällä copy" src="http://rauna.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/eikka-metsalla-copy.jpg?w=300&#038;h=200" alt="" width="300" height="200" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">More recently, he also got into moose hunting. Here he is pictured on a break </p></div>
<p>It has been grueling to lose him so suddenly and unexpectedly. He was a strong man who exercised regularly and his healthy eating habits put most people to shame. He had quit smoking his pipe decades ago and only drank occasionally and in moderation. It is hard to believe or understand that cancer can take such a strong and healthy person away in such a short time. Last I spent time with him was last Christmas time when I was at my parents&#8217; for both Christmas and the New Year&#8217;s. Back then, none of us knew there was something wrong with him. He was taken away from us way too soon and without any warning &#8211; something he didn&#8217;t believe or think himself to the very end. There were still so many things I wanted to ask from him and talk about. He himself had many plans for the future. His untimely death has left us all baffled, grappling to understand what happened, how it could happen to him and trying to come to terms with it all.</p>
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		<title>ođđa girji/New book</title>
		<link>http://rauna.wordpress.com/2009/12/15/odda-girjinew-book/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 15 Dec 2009 21:45:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>rauna</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[rauna's posts in english]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sámegillii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sami research]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sámedutkan]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Mu ođđa girji, Boares dego eana: Eamiálbmogiid diehtu, filosofiijat ja dutkan lea almmustuvvan gieskat ja dan sáhttá diŋgot ČálliidLágádusas. Girji lea vuosttas sámegielat láidehus eamiálbmotdutkamuššii ja dieđu, dutkama ja oahpahusa dekoloniseremii. Girji čilge dáid vuođđodoahpagiid ja -fáttáid ja ovdamearkkaid bokte buktá ovdan makkár áššit leat guovddážis go lea sáhka eamiálbmogiid dieđus, diehtoortnegiin, filosofiijain ja eamiálbmogiid [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=rauna.wordpress.com&amp;blog=1107890&amp;post=567&amp;subd=rauna&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://rauna.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/boarisdegobeana_olggos_copy2.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-568 alignleft" title="boarisdegobeana_olggos_copy2" src="http://rauna.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/boarisdegobeana_olggos_copy2.jpg" alt="" width="200" height="255" /></a></p>
<p>Mu ođđa girji, <em>Boares dego eana: Eamiálbmogiid diehtu, filosofiijat ja dutkan</em> lea almmustuvvan gieskat ja dan sáhttá diŋgot <a href="http://www.calliidlagadus.org/web/index.php?girji=107&amp;giella1=sam" target="_blank">ČálliidLágádusas. </a>Girji lea vuosttas sámegielat láidehus eamiálbmotdutkamuššii ja dieđu, dutkama ja oahpahusa dekoloniseremii. Girji čilge dáid vuođđodoahpagiid ja -fáttáid ja ovdamearkkaid bokte buktá ovdan makkár áššit leat guovddážis go lea sáhka eamiálbmogiid dieđus, diehtoortnegiin, filosofiijain ja eamiálbmogiid dutkanmetodologiijain. Girji čilge maiddái eamiálbmotdutkama konteavstta ja historjjá – dan manne eamiálbmotdutkit leat oaidnan dárbbu buktit oidnosii ja deattuhit eamiálbmogiid dieđu, jurddašeami ja dutkanvugiid dehálašvuođa. Girjji ovdamearkkat leat iešguđet eamiálbmogiin, muhto seammás girji guorahallá, mo dáid ovdamearkkaid sáhttá vejolaččat heivehit sámi diliide dahje váldit málle dain.</p>
<p>My new book, <em>Boaris dego eana. Eamiálbmogiid diehtu, filosofiijat ja dutkan</em> (As Old as the Earth. Indigenous Knowledge, Philosophies and Research) has been published by a Sami publisher <a href="http://www.calliidlagadus.org/web/index.php?girji=107&amp;giella1=sam" target="_blank">ČálliidLágádus</a> in its new Sami Academica series. It is the first book-length study on indigenous knowledge, philosophies and research in the Sami language. Drawing on indigenous, feminist, postcolonial and poststructural theories, the book discusses the emergence and significance of indigenous scholarship in the context of decolonizing indigenous systems of knowing. It critically considers the concepts of knowledge, knowledge production, philosophies, research methodologies, ethics and traditional/modern dichotomies in indigenous scholarship and examines the ways in which these considerations are relevant in and relate to Sami research. The book provides extensive examples of indigenous knowledge and research particularly from North America, Australia and New Zealand as well as in the Sami context.</p>
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		<title>Alkuperäiskansamääritelmästä ja sen soveltamisesta</title>
		<link>http://rauna.wordpress.com/2009/08/28/alkuperaiskansamaaritelmasta-ja-sen-soveltamisesta/</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 28 Aug 2009 15:21:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>rauna</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[suomeksi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[definitions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[indigenous peoples]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[saamelaiset]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[(Julkaistu Lapin Kansan Alakerta-palstalla 9.8.2009) ILO:n heimo- ja alkuperäiskansasopimuksen ensimmäisen artiklan mukaan alkuperäiskansalla tarkoitetaan itsenäisissä maissa asuvia kansoja, jotka polveutuvat  tiettyä aluetta ennen kolonisaatiota tai valtion perustamista asuttaneesta väestöstä ja jotka ovat säilyttäneet ainakin osan omista sosiaalisista, taloudellisista, poliittisista ja kulttuurisista instituutioistaan. Erona esimerkiksi heimokansoihin, alkuperäiskansaksi luetaan ryhmät, jotka aktiivisesti haluavat ja pyrkivät jatkamaan heidän [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=rauna.wordpress.com&amp;blog=1107890&amp;post=563&amp;subd=rauna&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>(Julkaistu Lapin Kansan Alakerta-palstalla 9.8.2009)</p>
<p>ILO:n heimo- ja alkuperäiskansasopimuksen ensimmäisen artiklan mukaan alkuperäiskansalla tarkoitetaan itsenäisissä maissa asuvia kansoja, jotka polveutuvat  tiettyä aluetta ennen kolonisaatiota tai valtion perustamista asuttaneesta väestöstä ja jotka ovat säilyttäneet ainakin osan omista sosiaalisista, taloudellisista, poliittisista ja kulttuurisista instituutioistaan. Erona esimerkiksi heimokansoihin, alkuperäiskansaksi luetaan ryhmät, jotka aktiivisesti haluavat ja pyrkivät jatkamaan heidän omien kulttuuristen ja sosiaalisten identiteettien ja instituutioiden olemassaoloa.</p>
<p><span id="more-563"></span>ILO-sopimuksen määritelmää täydentää ns. YK:n Cobo-raportin (YK:n erikoisraportoija José Martinez Cobon laatima alkuperäiskansojen syrjintää koskeva selvitys, 1986) alkuperäiskansa-määritelmä, jonka mukaan alkuperäiskansoja ovat ne yhteisöt ja kansat joilla on edelleen jatkuva historiallinen yhteys kolonisaatiota edeltäviin yhteiskuntiin jotka kehittyivät heidän asuttamillaan maa-alueilla ja jotka pitävät itseään selvästi erillisenä muista nykyään alueella vallitsevan yhteiskunnan osista. Tämän lisäksi alkuperäiskansat ovat nyky-yhteiskunnassa ei-hallitsevassa asemassa ja tietoisesti pyrkivät säilyttämään, kehittämään ja siirtämään tuleville sukupolville heidän esivanhemmiltaan perityt maa-alueet sekä heidän etnisen identiteettinsä joka muodostaa heidän olemassaolonsa yhtenäisenä kansana ja joka on sopusoinnussa heidän omien kulttuuristen käytänteiden, sosiaalisten instituutioiden ja oikeusjärjestelmien kanssa. Cobo-raportin mukaan alkuperäiskansaan kuuluva yksilö on henkilö, joka kuuluu yllämääriteltyyn alkuperäiskansaan itseidentifikaation kautta (ryhmätietoisuus) ja jonka kyseinen ryhmä tunnustaa ja hyväksyy jäsenekseen (ryhmähyväksyntä).</p>
<p>Professori Erica-Irene Daes, YK:n erikoisraportoija ja alkuperäiskansojen työryhmän pitkäaikainen puheenjohtaja on yksi monista, joka on paneutunut alkuperäiskansa-määritelmään liittyviin kysymyksiin. Hän on pohtinut muun muassa vähemmistön ja alkuperäiskansan välisiä eroja ja usein esilletuotua alisteisen aseman vaatimusta. Sekä vähemmistöjen että alkuperäiskansojen määritelmien osana on usein ryhmän alisteinen asema vallitsevaan yhteiskuntaan nähden (nimenomaan ryhmänä). Jotta voitaisiin päättää onko kyseessä alisteisessa asemassa oleva ryhmä, on ensin selvitettävä minkälaisesta ryhmästä on kyse. Daes mainitsee esimerkkinä afrikaanerit (tai buurit eli Etelä-Afrikan valkoiset), jotka apartheidin loputtua ilmestyivät YK:n alkuperäiskansojen työryhmän kokoukseen väittäen olevansa alkuperäiskansa. Jos afrikaanerit väittävät että heillä on erityiset oikeudet maahan ja itsehallintoon, Daesin mukaan on ensin selvitettävä onko heidän väitteensä alkuperäiskansa-statuksesta oikeutettu. Väite, että afrikaanereilta puuttuvat erityiset oikeudet maahan ei voi olla tekijä, jonka pohjalta voidaan päättää ovatko he alkuperäiskansa vai ei, sillä se perustuisi itseään toistavaan kehälogiikkaan.</p>
<p>Tietyn alueen varhaisempi tai aiempi asuttaminen on yleensä keskeinen alkuperäiskansamäärittelyissä. Se ei kuitenkaan auta määrittelemään alkuperäiskansaa kaikissa tilanteissa, joissa sekä valtaväestöön kuuluvat että ei-hallitsevassa asemassa olevat ryhmät voivat viitata alueen asuttamiseen ennen kolonisaatiota tai valtion perustamista. Tällaisissa tilanteissa alkuperäiskansamääritelmän muut indikaattorit kuten alisteinen asema sekä kulttuurinen omaperäisyys nousevat erottaviksi tekijöiksi.</p>
<p>Muita usein mainittuja alkuperäiskansan keskeisiä piirteitä ovat perinteisiin pohjautuva kulttuuri sekä historiallinen autonomia. Toisin sanoen alkuperäiskansat ovat kansoja, jotka ovat historian aikana menettäneet oman, heillä ennen valtioiden perustamista olleen paikallisen itsehallintonsa ja siihen liittyvät instituutiot.</p>
<p>Kansainvälisen oikeuden professori Patrick Thornberry erottaa alkuperäiskansa-määritelmään liittyvät yleisesti hyväksytyt vaatimukset (itse-identifikaatio, historiallinen yhteys tiettyyn alueeseen, kulttuurinen haavoittuvuus, halu säilyttää omaperäinen identiteetti) alkuperäiskansoihin usein liitetyistä indikaattoreista. Niin sanottuihin vahvoihin indikaattoreihin lukeutuvat ei-hallitseva poliittinen asema, erityinen maasuhde, historiallinen jatkuvuus. Muihin indikaattoreihin lukeutuu mm. muusta väestöstä poikkeava lainsäädännöllinen tai hallinnollinen kohtelu. Toisaalta Thornberry huomauttaa, että alkuperäiskansojen käsitteen muodostamisessa ei voi olla kyse pelkästä piirteiden kuvailemisesta. Kyse siitä ketkä ovat alkuperäiskansa liittyy laajempiin eettisiin, oikeudellisiin ja poliittisiin kysymyksiin etenkin ihmisoikeuksista ja niiden toteutumisesta.</p>
<p>Vaikka alkuperäiskansoihin kuuluvat henkilöt saattavat nauttia samoista yksilöille kuuluvista oikeuksista kuin valtion muut kansalaiset, heidän oikeutensa kansana eivät ole toteutuneet – oikeudet joita valtaväestöön kuuluvat henkilöt pitävät usein itsestäänselvyyksinä (esim. oikeus äidinkieliseen opetukseen ja sosiaalipalveluihin, oikeus omiin instituutioihin). YK:n yleiskokous, Suomi mukaan lukien, hyväksyi syyskuussa 2007 Alkuperäiskansojen oikeuksien julistuksen nimenomaan korjatakseen tämän tilanteen. Julistus ei luo uusia oikeuksia, vaan pyrkii varmistamaan että yleismaailmalliset, jo olemassaolevat ihmisoikeudet toteutuvat myös alkuperäiskansojen kohdalla.</p>
<p>Suomessa saamelaiset on tunnustettu perustuslaissa alkuperäiskansaksi. Lapissa itseään lappalaisiksi (saamelaisista aiemmin käytetty nimitys) kutsuva ryhmä on myös toistakymmentä vuotta väittänyt olevansa alkuperäiskansa – usein väittäen olevansa <em>ainoa</em> <em>oikea</em> alkuperäiskansa Suomessa.</p>
<p>Vuosien aikana on kättä väännetty erityisesti siitä, ketkä ovat asuneet saamelaisalueella ensin. Tämä on tärkeä osa alkuperäiskansamääritelmää, muttei ainoa. Kuten yllä tulee esiin, tilanteissa joissa sekä valtaväestöön kuuluvat että ei-hallitsevassa asemassa olevat ryhmät voivat viitata alueen asuttamiseen ennen kolonisaatiota tai valtion perustamista, alkuperäiskansamääritelmän muut indikaattorit kuten alisteinen asema sekä kulttuurinen omaperäisyys nousevat erottaviksi tekijöiksi.</p>
<p>Jos on todella tarpeen pohtia ns. lappalaisten alkuperäiskansa-statusta koskevan väitteen oikeutusta, on huomioitava alkuperäiskansamääritelmän muitakin tekijöitä. Esimerkiksi mikä on ns. lappalaisten omaleimainen kulttuuri ja identiteetti ja kuinka he tähän mennessä ovat osoittaneet halua ja pyrkimystä pitämään yllä ja säilyttämään niitä tuleville sukupolville? Mikä on heihin kohdistuva syrjinnän ja alistamisen historia ja perintö? Miten heidän alisteinen asemansa tulee esille nykypäivänä?</p>
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		<title>Arktiksa militariseren ja Lapistan</title>
		<link>http://rauna.wordpress.com/2009/07/21/arktiksa-militariseren-ja-lapistan/</link>
		<comments>http://rauna.wordpress.com/2009/07/21/arktiksa-militariseren-ja-lapistan/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 21 Jul 2009 14:48:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>rauna</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Sámegillii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Arktis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[militariseren]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sápmi]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[(Almmustuvvan Ávviris 11.7.09) Dálkkádatrievdeapmi lea dagahan ahte arktalaš jiekŋameara suddagoahtán, mii fas lea riegádahttán ođđa beroštumi davviguovlluide. Ođđaseamos boahtti lea Nato, mii geassemánu áigge dollii Ruoŧa Sámis stuorra logi beaivve guhkosaš áibmosoahtehárjehallamiid maidda Ruoŧŧa ja Suopma maiddái oassálastiiga. Soahtehárjehallamat leat oassin Nato viggamušaid viiddidit militára leahkima ja nannet soahteválmmasvuođa arktalaš eatnamiin ja čáziin. Bealákeahtes (dušše [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=rauna.wordpress.com&amp;blog=1107890&amp;post=561&amp;subd=rauna&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>(Almmustuvvan Ávviris 11.7.09)</p>
<p>Dálkkádatrievdeapmi lea dagahan ahte arktalaš jiekŋameara suddagoahtán, mii fas lea riegádahttán ođđa beroštumi davviguovlluide. Ođđaseamos boahtti lea Nato, mii geassemánu áigge dollii Ruoŧa Sámis stuorra logi beaivve guhkosaš áibmosoahtehárjehallamiid maidda Ruoŧŧa ja Suopma maiddái oassálastiiga. Soahtehárjehallamat leat oassin Nato viggamušaid viiddidit militára leahkima ja nannet soahteválmmasvuođa arktalaš eatnamiin ja čáziin. Bealákeahtes (dušše namas) Ruoŧŧa ja Suopma lassaneaddji oassálastin Nato doaimmaide lea guovddáš olli soahtelihtu plánain militariseret arktalaš guovlluid. Ruoŧŧa ja Suopma leat Nato áibmosoahtehárjehallamiin mielde soahtelihtu Ráfiverddevuohta-prográmma lahttun. Dása lassin guktot riikkat leat mielde Nato máŋgariikkalaš ráfidorvojoavkkuin (ISAF-operašuvdna) Afganistanis. Buot dát čujuhit guktuid riikkaid viggamušaide searvat Natoi beroškeahttá olbmuid vuostálastimin dain guovtti riikkas.</p>
<p><span id="more-561"></span>Suoma hálddahusbellodagat leat guhká kampanjeren Nato-lahttovuođa beales ja diđolaččat geahččalan hábmet olbmuid oannuid eambbo Nato-miehtemielalažžan. Geassemánu álggus Nato ja Suoma militára lágidedje Helssegis golmma beaivve guhkosaš skuvlenkonferánssa, masa oassálaste sihke Nato lahttoriikkat ja eará ovttasbargoriikkat birra máilmmi. Vuollel vahku konferánssa maŋŋá Suopma vuolláičálii Natoin militárateknologiija guoski ovttasbargošiehtadusa. Ruoŧŧa lea vuolláičállán seammalágan šiehtadusa jagis 2007.<br />
Ruoŧa Sámis logi beaivve bistán soahtehárjehallamat ledje stuoramus áibmofápmočájahus Davvimeara ja Mearrabađaluovtta guovlluid historjjás. Juoba Ruoŧa ráđđehussii ii muitaluvvon soahtehárjehusa viidodagas. Soahtehárjehusaid vuođđun lei fiktiivvalaš skenário mas Nato soahtá Lapistan-nammasaš eahpedemokráhtalaš terroristastáhta vuostá. Guovddážis dán fiktiivvalaš soađis lea konflikta oljo- ja gássaresurssain Lapistan ja Bothia-nammasaš Nato-lahttoriikka gaskkas. Konflivttas maiddái bealákeahtes Nordistanis ja Suomias lei smávva rolla. Davviriikkain ii dáidde geasage leat eahpečielggas masa dahje geasa Lapistan čujuha. Dego máŋgasat leat fuomášuhttán, Nato soahtehárjehallamat Lapistan vuostá loavkkašuhttet sihke sámiid ja Ruoŧas orru muslimiid. Ruoŧa sápmelaččat leamaš maid fuolas soahtegirdiid vahágiin bohccuide, eandalitge aiddo riegádan misiide.</p>
<p>Miellagovaid ráhkadeapmi sámiin vášalažžan ii leat vuosttas háve go eamiálbmogat buohtastahttojuvvojit terroristtaide. Ovdamearkan Kanadas ja Ođđa Selánddas jagi 2001 maŋŋá fápmuiboahtán terrorismavuostásaš lágaid leat geavahuvvon eamiálbmogiid vuostá. Báifáhkka eamiálbmogat geat gáibidit sin rivttiid dovddasteami ja nannema leatge terrostistajoavkkut ja stáhta vašálaččat, geaid sáhttá giddet ođđa lágaid vehkiin. Nappo terrorismavuostásaš lágat leat máŋga riikkas heajudan eamiálbmogiid riektesuoji ja sin olmmošvuoigatvuođagáibádusaid. Dán konteavsttas Lapistan ii leat vigihis miellagovahusleaika, muhto dan vehkiin lea vejolaš ráhkadit stáhtaid perspektiivvas ávkkálaš miellagovaid, maid mielde eamiálbmogiid iešmearridanrievttit leat veardideamis terroristajoavkkuid doaimmaide.</p>
<p>Seamma áigge go Suopma ja Nato dolle skuvlenkonferánssas Helssegis geassemánu álggus, Norga almmuhii sirdit iežas militára operatiivvalaš gohččunguovddáža čállingotti Stavangeris davás Reitanii Bodø lahka. Sivva sirdimii lea Norgga ulbmil bidjat eanet deattu davviguovlluide. Norga lea máilmmi vuosttas riika, mas borgemánu álggus lea operatiivvalaš doaimmaid čállingoddi poláragierddu davábealde. Maiddái máŋga Norgga ráđđehuslahtu leat ávžžuhan Nato nannet iežas rolla arktalaš guovlluin. Earret eará Norgga bealustusminister  Anne-Grete Strom Erichsen ávžžuhii miessemánus dollon Nato čoahkkimis nannet soahttelihtu mearkkašumi davveguovlluid bealustus- ja dorvvolašvuođaáššiin.<br />
Nato davveguovlluid plánat eai noga davviriikkain. Geassemánu áigge maiddái Nato johtilis doaimmaid joavkkut leat doallan máŋgariikkalaš soahtehárjehállamiid Latvias. Baltia operarašuvdna (BALTOPS) lea jahkásaš soahtehárjehus man ulbmilin lea Nato mielde buoridit guovllu guimmiid ovttasbargonávccaid. Dása lassin Poland lea ain mielde USA plánain cegget missiiladuostungálbba nappo logi duostunmiissiilla Davvi-Polandii. Polanda bealustusminister Bogdan Klich maid gieskat almmuhii ahte Nato áigu ásahit Joint Battle –gohččunguovddáža Davvi-Polandda Bydgoszczii, mas lea juo Nato hárjehanguovddáš.</p>
<p>Nato lea máilmmi stuoramus váimmusvearjjuid hálddašeaddji ja soahtemašiidna. Soahtelihtu doapman davi eatnamiidda ja čáziide lea oassi arktisa militariserema, mas maiddái Ruošša lea eanet aht´eanet mielde. Ruošša soahtegirdit leat girdán arktalaš guovlluin ja Norgga rittus geasi 2007 rájes. Mannan cuoŋománus Kanada olgoriikkaminister Lawrence Cannon deattuhii ahte mii boahtá arktalaš guovlluid suverinitehta bealusteapmái, Kanada ii áiggo vuollánit Ruošša uhkidemiide. Riikka arktalaš guovlluid bealustanstrategiija mielde Kanada lea ceggemin militára Arktalaš hárjehallanguovddáža Resolute Bayíi Cornwallis-sullui, viiddideamen ja beaktilmahttimin Kanada rádjegoziheami ja huksemin arktalaš čiekŋalismeara dámppaid stašuvnna Nanisivikii Baffin-sullui.</p>
<p>Mannan galbma soađi biekkat orrot bossumin davveguovlluin ođđasit. Dán háve Suopma ja Ruoŧŧa lea aktiivvalaččat mielde arktisa militariseremis ja uhkideaddji miellagovaid sárgumis.</p>
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		<title>Feminisma: dásseárvu vai nuppástuhttin?</title>
		<link>http://rauna.wordpress.com/2009/07/21/feminisma-dassearvu-vai-nuppastuhttin/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 21 Jul 2009 14:39:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>rauna</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Sámegillii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[feminisma]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nissonlihkádus]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[(Almmustuvvan Gábas geassemánus 2009) Lohken gieskat ovtta mu verdde ja kollega, kanadalaš feministta miellagiddevaš artihkkala sosiála sohkabeali (ru. genus, su. sosiaalinen sukupuoli, eaŋg. gender) doahpaga váilevuođain. Su mielas “sosiála sohkabealli” doaba ja dan atnuiváldin leat hehtten ja ráddjen nissonlihkadusa politihkalaš ulbmiliid ollašuhttimis – nappo servodaga patriarkála struktuvrraid nuppástuhttima. “Sosiála sohkabealli” lea váldán deattu eret dán [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=rauna.wordpress.com&amp;blog=1107890&amp;post=558&amp;subd=rauna&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>(Almmustuvvan Gábas geassemánus 2009)</p>
<p>Lohken gieskat ovtta mu verdde ja kollega, kanadalaš feministta miellagiddevaš artihkkala sosiála sohkabeali (ru. genus, su. sosiaalinen sukupuoli, eaŋg. gender) doahpaga váilevuođain. Su mielas “sosiála sohkabealli” doaba ja dan atnuiváldin leat hehtten ja ráddjen nissonlihkadusa politihkalaš ulbmiliid ollašuhttimis – nappo servodaga patriarkála struktuvrraid nuppástuhttima. “Sosiála sohkabealli” lea váldán deattu eret dán ulbmilis. Eambbo ja eambbo iešguđet oktavuođain lea sáhka “sosiála sohkabealis” dan sadjái go hállojuvvošii nissonolbmuid birra. Dán láhkai nissonolbmot šaddet vuot ođđasit oaidnemeahttumin sihke servodagas ja ságastallamis.  “Sosiála sohkabealli” lea eambbo neutrála ja dan dihtii muhtimiid mielas buoret doaba.</p>
<p><span id="more-558"></span>Linda Christiansen-Ruffman mielas goit dát doaba geavahuvvo politihkalaččat nissoniid vuostá earret eará čuovvovaš vugiin: 1) dat heajuda nissoniid politihkalaš barggu, mii viggá nuppástuhttit servodaga, 2) dat heajuda nissoniid politihkalaš doaibmivuođa (agency), 3) dat jaskkodahttá nissoniid, 4) dat dahká eahpedássidis váldegaskavuođaid nissoniid ja albmáid gaskkas oaidnemeahttumin, ja 5) dat normalisere almmáiolbmuid kultuvrra ja oaidninčiega.   “Sosiála sohkabealli” lea doaba man vuođđun lea guovttijuohku. Christiansen-Ruffman gohčoda dan guovttijuogu “juogo-dahje dávdan” mii fáŋge nissoniid (ođđasit) veardádalli gaskavuhtii almmáiolbmuiguin. Norbman lea vuot almmáiolmmoš, masa nissonolmmoš diđolaččat dahje dieđekeahttá veardiduvvo. Boađusin lea dat, ahte lea ain váddásut govahallat iehčanas, autonomalaš nissoniid ja iešguđet nissoniid siskkáldas gaskavuođaid.</p>
<p>Christiansen-Ruffman namuha erenoamážit davviriikkalaš nissondutkamuša ovdamearkan dakkár lahkonanvugiin, mat leat ráddejuvvon guorahallat dan, leago nissonolmmoš seammalágan vai earálágan almmáiolbmuide veardidettiin.   “Sosiála sohkabealli” nappo ráddje analyhtalaš (guorahalli) vejolašvuođaid iige dat nagot buktit ovdan feministtalaš perspektiivva máilmmis. Dat lea doaba mii lea sollen feminismma váldoiešvuođaid: fuomášumi buot nissoniidda ja sin máŋggabealátvuhtii, patriarkáhtii ja dan sosiála proseassaide, feministtalaš strategiijaide ja višuvnnaide nuppástusa birra ja nissonlihkadusaid viggamušaide iešguđet guovllus máilmmis.</p>
<p>Christiansen-Ruffman mielas “sosiála sohkabealli” doahpagis ii leat analyhtalaš fápmu láidestit min molssaeavttuide patriarkála válddi vuostá – válddi man iešvuođat ja árvvut leat gilvvohallan, vuovdáivuohta, kontrolla ja veahkaváldi. Son dadjá ahte nu guhká go patriarkála doaladumit ráđđejit servodagain, kultuvrrain ja dutkamušas, lea dárbu feministtalaš politihkalaš lihkadussii man ulbmilin lea nuppástuhttin, ii dušše dásseárvu patriarkála servodagas. Su mielas nuppástuhtti, holisttalaš feministtalaš guorahallan sisttisdoallá nissoniid molssaeavttuid servodagaid birra, maid ulbmilin ii leat veahkaváldi ja jápmin, muhto váldit vára eallimis.</p>
<p>Artihkal: Christiansen-Ruffman, Linda. &#8220;Women, Knowledge and Change: Gender Is Not Enough.&#8221; <em>Resources for Feminist Research</em> 32.1/2 (2007): 114-38.</p>
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		<title>How to make sense of the EU elections? The right is the new left?</title>
		<link>http://rauna.wordpress.com/2009/06/23/how-to-make-sense-of-the-eu-elections-the-right-is-the-new-left/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2009 15:22:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>rauna</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[rauna's posts in english]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[EU elections]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Europe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[right-wing politics]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[For weeks, I’ve been puzzled by the early June EU elections. What’s going on in Europe? Capitalism is in its biggest crisis for decades and what do the Europeans do? Vote the right-wing in. Aren’t these folks and their ideologies largely to blame for the current mess? What am I missing here? Don’t Europeans want [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=rauna.wordpress.com&amp;blog=1107890&amp;post=541&amp;subd=rauna&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>For weeks, I’ve been puzzled by the early June EU elections. What’s going on in Europe? Capitalism is in its biggest crisis for decades and what do the Europeans do? Vote the right-wing in. Aren’t these folks and their ideologies largely to blame for the current mess? What am I missing here? Don’t Europeans want a change and alternatives to crony capitalism at all? Americans wanted change and got their Obama. One would’ve expected at least some kind of Obama effect on the other side of the Atlantic. What do Europeans want?<br />
<span id="more-541"></span>When I couldn’t get very far with my own pondering, I started looking for critical analyses online. So far, there has been almost a total silence in much of the progressive media that I usually follow. To my great disappointment, <em>Democracy Now</em> hasn’t cared to pick up the pieces of the European left and make sense of it to its listeners. I haven’t been able to find one critical analysis in the <em>Guardian</em> and their long list of columnists.</p>
<p>However, I did find a story in the <em>Huffington Post</em> titled “<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/06/08/eu-parliament-conservativ_n_212426.html" target="_blank">EU Parliament: Conservatives Score Wins On Message Of Economic Recovery</a>” according to which “advances by the far right were driven in part by voters&#8217; desire to punish mainstream parties for the recession, and by concerns about burgeoning immigration within the bloc of 27 countries that stretches from Ireland to the edge of Asia. Low voter turnout of 43 percent also played a role.”</p>
<p>Racism is on a big rise in Europe but as many people see it with their anti-immigration platforms, the targets of racism are not non-white people, but as the British National Party&#8217;s leader Nick Griffin argues, &#8220;There is a huge amount of racism in this country. Overwhelmingly it is directed against the indigenous British majority, which is one reason we have done so well in these elections.&#8221; What can you say? The crisis of empire?  Indigenous British majority, the latest victims of racism – but by who?</p>
<p>In “<a href="http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/3beed410-5368-11de-be08-00144feabdc0.html?ftcamp=rss" target="_blank">Victory for Europe’s centre-right,</a>” the Financial Times wrote: “Apart from a record low turnout of 43.1 per cent, the most striking feature of the elections was the failure of socialists or centre-left parties in four of Europe’s six largest countries – France, Germany, Italy and Poland – to persuade voters that the global financial crisis and recession represented a “crisis of capitalism” that justified a turn to the left.”</p>
<p>“One reason is that centre-right leaders, alert to the risk of being portrayed as defenders of a heartless or irresponsible capitalist system, have sought to protect citizens against the worst effects of the recession by preserving jobs where possible and letting the welfare state take care of those in need. Unemployment benefits, access to medical care and other forms of social expenditure, which come into effect automatically during a recession, form a large part of the €400bn fiscal stimulus that EU policymakers claim to have been implementing over the past six months. This Franco-German model, criticised in the US and UK in the boom years as an unaffordable, bloated welfare system, has turned out to be exactly what most voters want during the recession.”</p>
<p>In tough times, then, the right becomes the new left? For some reason, one has a sense of <em>dejá vu</em>. Yes, we have seen this before: at least since Tony Blair’s Labour government, the left has been the new right, with his famous Third Way and deep ties to the Bush administration. Isn’t this just a logical next step?</p>
<p>After some further searching, I came across the World Socialist Website where a column “<a href="http://www.wsws.org/articles/2009/jun2009/euro-j06.shtml" target="_blank">Election platform of the “European Left”: Pious wishes and right-wing policies</a>” suggests that the social democrats are faced with huge losses because they have long become the New Right and embraced the free-market policies and ideologies of deregulation of financial markets and the destruction of social welfare programs. Millions in Europe have suffered from anti-welfare laws and other social democratic “reforms.”</p>
<p>The authors of the column also offer their harsh criticism of the hypocrisy and politics of evasion of the European Left:<br />
“The same applies to the platform of the European Left, which evades tackling crucial issues. The whole edifice of pious wishes is aimed at masking current social reality: The irreconcilable class divide between the interests of the broad mass of the population and the ruling elites.</p>
<p>“Is the financial and economic crisis rooted in the contradictions of the capitalist system, or is it merely the result of an incorrect policy? Is it possible to renew the existing institutions and organisations—the European Union, national parliaments, the social democratic parties and trade unions—in the interest of workers, or must the working class organise itself independently and develop its own social and political alternative?</p>
<p>“These questions are left unanswered by the European Left. The entire political activity of the European Left centres on preventing workers from drawing revolutionary conclusions from the crisis and adopting a genuine socialist perspective. The European Left resembles a man who decides to put up colourful wallpaper and slap a coat of paint on a house with rotten foundations, collapsing walls and an infrastructure in an advanced state of disintegration. As any architect knows, on this basis it is possible to sell a house, but that will not prevent its eventual collapse.</p>
<p>“Behind its bombastic language, the European Left is offering its assistance to the European ruling classes to save the European Union and its institutions. The group has considerable experience in such matters. Nearly all of its member organisations have already participated in bourgeois governments. … If one carefully reads the statements put forward by the European Left, the right-wing character of the grouping becomes evident. … The right-wing content of the election platform is most evident in the section dealing with foreign policy. While paying lip service to anti-militarism, the European Left openly embraces the most important aims of European imperialism.”</p>
<p>I guess these and some other articles I was able to find give some insights to what’s going on in Europe &#8211; the right is the new left, following the lead of the left turned right a while back, and that the left wing has no wings &#8211; but none of them satisfactorily explains why people in Europe aren’t interested in real change and alternatives to casino capitalism that got them into the mess in the first place. All they seem to be capable of doing is casting protest votes for hate mongers and neo-Nazis. Disappointing and very disturbing.</p>
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		<title>Summer solstice in Norway and Ireland parks</title>
		<link>http://rauna.wordpress.com/2009/06/21/summer-solstice-in-norway-and-ireland-parks/</link>
		<comments>http://rauna.wordpress.com/2009/06/21/summer-solstice-in-norway-and-ireland-parks/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2009 15:57:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>rauna</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[rauna's posts in english]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Toronto]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=rauna.wordpress.com&amp;blog=1107890&amp;post=544&amp;subd=rauna&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="attachment_546" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://rauna.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/dsc_00171.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-546" title="DSC_0017" src="http://rauna.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/dsc_00171.jpg?w=300&#038;h=199" alt="Now that staycations are all the rage, we took a couple of small steps in getting to know our city better and ventured to the waterfront and found two little parks next to one another. The first was Norway park - not really a park but a corner of a park to commemorate the Norwegian army base on Toronto Island in 1942." width="300" height="199" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Now that staycations are all the rage, we took a couple of small steps in getting to know our city better and ventured to the waterfront and found two little parks next to one another. </p></div>
<p><span id="more-544"></span></p>
<div id="attachment_547" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 209px"><a href="http://rauna.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/dsc_0014.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-547" title="DSC_0014" src="http://rauna.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/dsc_0014.jpg?w=199&#038;h=300" alt="Now that staycations are all the rage, we took a couple of small steps in getting to know our city better and ventured to the waterfront and found two little parks next to one another. The first was Norway park - not really a park but a corner of a park to commemorate the Norwegian army base on Toronto Island in 1942." width="199" height="300" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text"> The first was Norway park - not really a park but a corner of a park to commemorate the Norwegian army base on Toronto Island in 1942.</p></div>
<div id="attachment_549" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 209px"><a href="http://rauna.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/dsc_0016.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-549" title="DSC_0016" src="http://rauna.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/dsc_0016.jpg?w=199&#038;h=300" alt="Despite the visits by the Norwegian royalty, the park didn't do much for us and we cynically concluded that they should've built a Statoil station right next to it to properly mark the park's presence. This city - that endlessly prides in its diversity - has all kinds of memorials for everything one can imagine (including Jean Sibelius park) but screams of Aboriginal absence, even on the national Aboriginal day which is today." width="199" height="300" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Despite the visits by the Norwegian royalty, the park didn&#39;t do much for us and we cynically concluded that they should&#39;ve built a Statoil station right next to it to properly mark the park&#39;s presence. This city - that endlessly prides in its diversity - has all kinds of memorials for everything one can imagine (including Jean Sibelius park) but screams of Aboriginal absence, even on the national Aboriginal day which is today.</p></div>
<div id="attachment_552" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://rauna.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/dsc_00241.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-552" title="DSC_0024" src="http://rauna.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/dsc_00241.jpg?w=300&#038;h=199" alt="Just around the corner, Ireland park was consirably more moving with its 'famine ship' and sculpture to commemorate the Irish people who escaped the famine in Ireland and came to Toronto (where those who survived ended up in Cabbagetown, named after Irish growing cabbages in their front yards). The 'ship', made of cobalt from Ireland, had names of those who came on the famine ships across, inscribed 'inside' of the boat or on the stones in the middle of the sculpture." width="300" height="199" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Just around the corner, Ireland park was consirably more moving with its &#39;famine ship&#39; and sculpture to commemorate the Irish people who escaped the famine in Ireland and came to Toronto (where those who survived ended up in Cabbagetown, named after Irish growing cabbages in their front yards). The &#39;ship&#39;, made of cobalt from Ireland, had names of those who came on the famine ships across inscribed &#39;inside&#39; of the boat (on the stones in the middle of the sculpture).</p></div>
<div id="attachment_555" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 310px"><a href="http://rauna.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/dsc_0040.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-555" title="DSC_0040" src="http://rauna.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/dsc_0040.jpg?w=300&#038;h=199" alt="The sculptures of starving people reaching the shores beside the ship were haunting (but obviously not to all - there was a small group of happy tourists picnicing just beside them, asking us to take a photo of them beside the sculptures after finishing their meal - quite macabre in fact)." width="300" height="199" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">The sculptures of starving people reaching the shores beside the ship were haunting (but obviously not to all - there was a small group of happy tourists picnicing just beside them, asking us to take a photo of them beside the sculptures after finishing their meal - quite macabre in fact).</p></div>
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		<title>Sámiid guoktilaš seaŋgaguoibmi? Statoil fearánat nuppebeal ábi</title>
		<link>http://rauna.wordpress.com/2009/06/04/samiid-guoktilas-seangaguoibmi-statoil-fearanat-nuppebeal-abi/</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Jun 2009 22:14:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>rauna</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Sámegillii]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[eamiálbmogat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sámeservodat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Statoil]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Sámit eai leamaš seamma gergosat árvvoštallat oljofitnodagaid dego máŋggat eará eamiálbmogat, vaikko oljofitnodagat leat beakkán eamiálbmogiid eatnamiid billisteaddjit ja olmmošvuoigatvuođaid dulbmejeaddjit birra máilmmi. Sámit baicce leamaš geargosat ovttasbargat fitnodagain dego Statoiliin jearakeahttá maid dat bargá eará guovlluin máilmmis, eandalitge eará eamiálbmotguovlluin. Muhtin sámi ásahusat leat vuolláičállán ovttasbargošiehtadušaid Statoiliin, mii galgá ruhtadit earret eará oahpuid ja [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=rauna.wordpress.com&amp;blog=1107890&amp;post=539&amp;subd=rauna&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Sámit eai leamaš seamma gergosat árvvoštallat oljofitnodagaid dego máŋggat eará eamiálbmogat, vaikko oljofitnodagat leat beakkán eamiálbmogiid eatnamiid billisteaddjit ja olmmošvuoigatvuođaid dulbmejeaddjit birra máilmmi. Sámit baicce leamaš geargosat ovttasbargat fitnodagain dego Statoiliin jearakeahttá maid dat bargá eará guovlluin máilmmis, eandalitge eará eamiálbmotguovlluin. Muhtin sámi ásahusat leat vuolláičállán ovttasbargošiehtadušaid Statoiliin, mii galgá ruhtadit earret eará oahpuid ja dutkamuša Sámis.</p>
<p><span id="more-539"></span>Ii leat gullon gostige ahte livččii ságastallon almmolaččat dan birra leago dákkár ovttasbargu etihkalaš ja dohkálaš dahje makkár sajádahkii dat bidjá sámeásahusaid geat leat njuiken Statoil gielkái. Leatgo dákkár sámeásahusat oassálastimin eará eamiálbmogiid olmmošvuoigatvuođaid dulbmemii go váldet vuostá ruđaid mat bohtet dáid álbmogiid eatnamiid rivvemis? Gos lea servodatberošteaddjiid kritihkalaš jietna go lea sáhka fitnodagain dego Statoil? Vai leago áin nu ahte ii sáhte gáskit gieđa mii biebmá du?</p>
<p>Gieskat Greenpeace geahččalii presset Statoil geassádit Kanada Alberta-provinssa oljodoaimmain, mat leat viidát árvvoštallon máilmmi vearrámus biraskatastrofan ja oktan vearrámus CO2 gássaid buvttadeaddjin. Davvi-Alberta oljodoaimmat eai leat dábálaš boahkamat muhto doppe olju buvttaduvvo oljosáttus. Oljosaddu lea sattu, lairra ja roavva oljju dahje bitumi seaguhus. Vai oažžut oljju sattus, dan galgá ligget hui bahkasin. Dasa lassin juohke oljolihtera buvttadeapmái galgá geavahit golbma lihtera buhtes čázi. Dat lea nappo proseassa mii skievttida energiija ja čázi ja buvttada issoras meriid mirkobázáhusaid CO2 gássaid lassin. Mirkoduvvon čáhci (1,8 trillion lihtera beaivvis) čohkkojuvvo stuorra dahkkojávrriide gos mirkkut golget lagaš Athabasca-johkii. (Sáhtát geahččat govaid <a href="www.cbc.ca/edmonton/features/dirtyoil/photogallery.html" target="_blank">dán liŋkkas</a>.)</p>
<p>Oljosaddogiettit leat gohčoduvvon máilmmi duolvamus oljun. Muhto oljosaddogiettit eai leat dušše stuorra birasgažaldat, dat leat maiddái olmmošvuoigatvuođagažaldat ja eamiálbmot vuoigatvuođagažaldat. Dene ja cree-álbmogat geat orrot guovdu dahje láhka oljosaddogittiid leat massan eatnamiid, guollejogaid ja gillágoahtán hárvenaš vuoivvas-borasdávddas. Doaktárat geat leat geahččalan buktit albmosii mirkoduvvon guovlluid ja olbmuid ođđa buohccuvuođaid gaskavuođa leat jaskkodahtton.<br />
Statoil pláne billistit oljobuvttademiin 1100 km2 viidosaš guovllu Davvi-Albertas. Seamma áigge eará sajis máilmmis Statoil čevllohallá ruoná politihkainis ja verddevuođainis eamiálbmogiiguin dego sámiin, geat eai oro diehtimin dahje berošteamen maid Statoil lea bargamin Kanadas; mo dat lea mirkoheamen eamiálbmogiid eatnamiid ja jogaid dahje duššádeamen sin eallinvugiid, ealáhusaid ja dearvvašvuođa.</p>
<p>Greenpeace leamaš jođus davviriikkain feaskarastimin ruhtadeaddjiiguin ja mediain ovdal Statoil jahkečoahkkima mii dollui gieskat Stavangeris. Dál livččii áigi maid sámiin morihit geahččat dárkileappot guđelágan seaŋgaguoibmi sis lea, ja maid dat bargá dalle go ii leat irggástallamiin sámiid.</p>
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		<title>medicalizing motherhood, paying for war?</title>
		<link>http://rauna.wordpress.com/2009/05/26/medicalizing-motherhood-paying-for-war/</link>
		<comments>http://rauna.wordpress.com/2009/05/26/medicalizing-motherhood-paying-for-war/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 27 May 2009 03:55:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>rauna</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[rauna's posts in english]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[military-industrial complex]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[women&#039;s rights]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[It’s been a while since I posted on my blog – but there are times in life when you have to and also want to prioritize other things. When I started my blog my biggest worry was that it at some point becomes just another thing on my to-do list, another thing to stress about. [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=rauna.wordpress.com&amp;blog=1107890&amp;post=535&amp;subd=rauna&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It’s been a while since I posted on my blog – but there are times in life when you have to and also want to prioritize other things. When I started my blog my biggest worry was that it at some point becomes just another thing on my to-do list, another thing to stress about. After some agonizing, I promised to myself that I can’t simply allow that happen. The most amazing thing is that it has worked – weeks and weeks have gone by and no anxiety attacks, no raising blood pressure for the fear of – not even sure of what. Definitely not of the end of the world. I’ve also realized that I should and want to write only when I’m compelled to write.</p>
<p><span id="more-535"></span>What compelled me to write now is the recent article in the<em> Toronto Star</em> about people who argue that in-vitro fertilization should be covered by medicare because motherhood is a right that every woman should have. My first reaction – shared by many as I found out a few days later – was that that’s a pretty excessive demand. I don’t have a problem with motherhood being a right – while most people seems to have, according to the <a href="http://www.thestar.com/article/633261" target="_blank"><em>Toronto Star</em></a> article.</p>
<p>To be honest, I’m not entirely sure why my first reaction was that demanding medicare to cover IVF goes a bit far. Maybe it is because as far as I’m concerned, motherhood is not a medical procedure that is needed to save your life. Perhaps I agree with those who are critical of the sense of entitlement around the argument for medicare paying your desire to be pregnant.  As one woman (who requested to stay anonymous) responding to the Star article maintained: “I am so fed up with people who believe it&#8217;s society&#8217;s duty to provide them with whatever they want, no matter the cost.”</p>
<p>Yes and no. If pregnancy is not a right, is waging war then a right? If we protest paying for IVF under medicare, why don’t we protest as vigorously and with passion against the government spending our tax dollars on war? Personally, I prefer my tax dollars going toward supporting new life rather than killing people – isn’t this a no-brainer? I’m not alone – another commentator in the <em>Star</em> article wrote: &#8220;Of the myriad of stupid and wasteful things my taxes pay for, I would have absolutely no problem with government-funded IVF.”</p>
<p>And we are not talking only about my taxes but as I recently learned, this includes my very payments to the Canada Pension Plan. In the latest issue of the Canadian Dimension, Richard Sanders writes: “And Canadian workers are now forced, through the Canada Pension Plan (CPP), to invest in many of the world’s largest war industries. For example, the CPP’s portfolio includes $100 million in investments in Boeing and Lockheed Martin, which manufacture the AH-64, F-15s and F-16s.” I have no say whatsoever how CPP invests its funds – and I’m disgusted at the idea that if I ever retire in Canada, my monthly pension payments will be cashing in from the global arms trade. In short, how can we retire ethically?</p>
<p>In fact, the <em>Star</em> article is somewhat misleading in talking about right to motherhood while the issue is the right to be pregnant. Equating motherhood with pregnancy is a very narrow interpretation and ignores a variety of other ways of becoming and being a mother. And it’s not only adoption of babies abroad that I’m thinking of here – despite it being the latest trend thanks to the craze doing circles among the Hollywood crowd. Perhaps this equation is at the core of my unease with the article. Is every woman entitled to be pregnant at any cost if not every woman is not entitled to abortion at any cost, for example? Should we talk about these issues together? And doesn’t arguing that pregnancy is a medical procedure only add to the medicalization and pathologizing of women’s bodies? And we know that IVF is big business. If it was covered under medicare, there is no question that pharmaceutical and other medical companies would be pushing IVF even more aggressively than so far.</p>
<p>I know motherhood studies is its own field and that most likely these issues have already been debated and examined. I’d like to hear them – I hope those scholars will join this public debate.</p>
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